Apigenin

BotanicalflavonoidLimited dose evidence

Also known as: 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, chamomile flavone, apigenin 98%

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Apigenin is a flavone found in chamomile, parsley, and celery and is considered the main calming constituent of chamomile tea. Isolated apigenin, usually 98% pure from chamomile or celery seed, is used in sleep and relaxation formulas and in some longevity stacks for its reported CD38 inhibition in vitro. Human evidence comes mainly from chamomile extract trials rather than isolated apigenin, so the common 50 mg dose is a market convention rather than a trial-derived figure.

Research summary

Binds GABA-A receptors at the benzodiazepine site with mild affinity; inhibits CD38 in vitro; general antioxidant flavone.

Dosage

Daily amounts, of compound.

Lowest studiedTypical rangeHighest studiedUpper limit
50 mg

50 mg of isolated apigenin before bed is the standard market dose. The chamomile insomnia RCT used 270 mg standardized chamomile extract twice daily, which delivers far less apigenin than isolated products. No RCT of isolated apigenin at 50 mg has been published, so confidence is low. Poorly water-soluble; a fat-containing meal may help.

Standardization: ≥98% apigenin

Source material: chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flower or celery seed extract

Format suitability

  • Capsule
  • Powder
  • Tablet
  • Softgel
  • Gummy
  • Liquid

Yellow, water-insoluble powder with a small dose; blends easily into capsules, tablets, and gummies.

Formulation notes

Additive sedation possible with other GABAergic sleep ingredients; may inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in vitro.

Sources

  1. Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. (Zick, 2011)PubMed
  2. NIH Dietary Supplement Label DatabaseNIH DSLD

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