Elderberry Extract
Also known as: Sambucus nigra, black elderberry, elderberry fruit extract, Sambucus
An extract of black elderberry fruit standardized to anthocyanins, the dark purple pigments, and one of the most popular immune-season botanicals. A meta-analysis of randomized trials found that elderberry supplementation shortened upper respiratory symptom duration compared with placebo. Its sweet berry flavor and natural color make it the default immune ingredient for gummies and syrups. Only properly cooked or extracted ripe berries should be used, since raw berries and other plant parts contain cyanogenic compounds.
Research summary
Anthocyanins and other flavonoids are proposed to inhibit viral attachment and to modulate cytokine release from immune cells.
Dosage
Daily amounts, of extract.
| Lowest studied | Typical range | Highest studied | Upper limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | 300–1,200 mg | — | — |
300 to 1,200 mg per day of a standardized extract, often split into two to four doses and started at first symptoms in the trials. Products vary between fruit extracts, juice concentrates, and standardized anthocyanin extracts, so compare on anthocyanin content rather than milligrams.
Standardization: Standardized to anthocyanins (commonly 3.2–17%), grade dependent
Source material: ripe fruit extract
Format suitability
- Capsule
- Powder
- Tablet
- Softgel
- Gummy
- Liquid
Pleasant berry flavor and deep purple color; ideal for gummies and syrups.
Formulation notes
Commonly combined with zinc, vitamin C, and echinacea. Anthocyanins are heat- and pH-sensitive, so validate stability in gummies.
Sources
Related ingredients
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