L-Lysine

Amino acidgeneralModerate dose evidence

Also known as: lysine, L-lysine HCl, lysine hydrochloride

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An essential amino acid that is limiting in grain-based diets and is needed for collagen cross-linking, carnitine synthesis, and calcium handling. Supplemental lysine is best known in immune-support and lip-care products and has been studied for anxiety and stress responses in a community fortification trial. It is usually supplied as lysine HCl, which is about 80% lysine by mass.

Research summary

Essential substrate for protein and collagen synthesis; acts as a partial serotonin receptor antagonist and competes with arginine for cellular uptake.

Dosage

Daily amounts, of compound.

Lowest studiedTypical rangeHighest studiedUpper limit
1,000 mg1,000–3,000 mg3,000 mg

Consumer products supply 500–1,000 mg per capsule with 1–3 g/day common. Doses are usually stated as lysine HCl; multiply by roughly 0.8 for free lysine. Higher lysine-to-arginine ratios are the goal in immune-focused formulas.

Source material: fermentation-derived (as L-lysine HCl)

As supplied: L-lysine HCl supplies about 80% free lysine by mass.

Format suitability

  • Capsule
  • Powder
  • Tablet
  • Softgel
  • Gummy
  • Liquid

Soluble and only mildly bitter; 1 g fits in roughly two size-00 capsules or a large tablet. Gummies are limited to a few hundred milligrams.

Formulation notes

Often combined with vitamin C and zinc in immune formulas. Avoid pairing large lysine doses with arginine-based pump products because the two compete for absorption.

Sources

  1. Lysine fortification reduces anxiety and lessens stress in family members in economically weak communities in Northwest Syria (Smriga 2004)PubMed
  2. Lysine — ExamineExamine

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