Ingredient directory

Coenzyme Q10 in its oxidized form, ubiquinone, is the standard, most-studied CoQ10 ingredient.

Typical: 100–300 mg

Alpha-lipoic acid is a sulfur-containing compound that serves as a mitochondrial enzyme cofactor and a water- and fat-soluble antioxidant.

Typical: 300–600 mg

Ubiquinol is the reduced, active antioxidant form of coenzyme Q10 and the form that predominates in blood.

Typical: 100–200 mg

R-alpha-lipoic acid is the naturally occurring enantiomer of lipoic acid, the form made in mitochondria and used as a cofactor for energy-producing enzymes.

Typical: 100–300 mg

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a redox cofactor found in trace amounts in foods such as natto, kiwi, and green tea.

Typical: 10–20 mg