Ingredient directory

Apple cider vinegar powder is liquid vinegar spray-dried onto a carrier such as maltodextrin or cyclodextrin so it can be used in capsules and gummies.

Typical: 500–1,500 mg

Myo-inositol is a sugar alcohol the body makes from glucose and the most abundant inositol isomer in cells, where it forms the backbone of phosphatidylinositol signaling lipids and the second messengers that relay insulin and hormone signals.

Typical: 2–4 g

Isomaltulose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose joined by an alpha-1,6 bond, produced enzymatically from sucrose.

Typical: 15–30 g

D-chiro-inositol is a minor inositol isomer produced from myo-inositol by an insulin-dependent epimerase.

Typical: 100–600 mg

A vanadium(IV) salt that was popular in 1990s bodybuilding products and remains in some blood-sugar formulas.

Typical: 10–50 mg