NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
Also known as: β-NMN, beta-NMN, beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide mononucleotide, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide mononucleotide is the phosphorylated intermediate between nicotinamide riboside and NAD+ and one of the most popular healthy-aging ingredients. Randomized trials in middle-aged and older adults have used 250 to 900 mg per day for 8 to 12 weeks with rises in blood NAD+ and no serious adverse effects. Its US regulatory status is unsettled: NIH ODS records that FDA ruled in November 2022 that NMN may not be marketed as a dietary supplement because it had been authorized for drug investigation, so check current FDA position before launch.
Research summary
Converted to NAD+ by NMNAT enzymes after uptake (partly via the Slc12a8 transporter or after conversion to NR), replenishing the NAD+ pool used by sirtuins and mitochondrial enzymes.
Dosage
Daily amounts, of compound.
| Lowest studied | Typical range | Highest studied | Upper limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250 mg | 250–600 mg | 900 mg | — |
Doses are mg beta-NMN. A 60-day randomized dose-ranging trial in healthy middle-aged adults compared 300, 600, and 900 mg/day (Yi 2023); a 12-week trial in older Japanese adults used 250 mg/day (Kim 2022). Typically taken once daily in the morning. No UL. Regulatory flag: FDA's November 2022 position (cited by NIH ODS) excluded NMN from dietary supplement status; the status has been contested since, so verify before formulating for the US market.
Standardization: ≥98% β-NMN
Source material: enzymatic synthesis or fermentation
Forms of NAD+ Precursor
| Form | Typical dose | Element % | Formats | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | 250–600 mg | — | Capsule, Tablet, Powder | premium |
| Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) | 250–500 mg | — | Capsule, Tablet, Powder | high |
Format suitability
- Capsule
- Powder
- Tablet
- Softgel
- Gummy
- Liquid
Moisture- and heat-sensitive; avoid hot-process gummies and unstabilized liquids.
Formulation notes
Commonly stacked with resveratrol or trimethylglycine. Regulatory status should be confirmed for each target market.
- NDI status uncertain
Sources
- Niacin — Health Professional Fact SheetNIH ODS
- The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. (Yi L, 2023)PubMed
- Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. (Kim M, 2022)PubMed
- The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update. (Song Q, 2023)PubMed
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