Ingredient directory

The most researched sports supplement in existence.

Typical: 3–5 g

A non-essential amino acid that combines with histidine to form carnosine, the main intramuscular buffer of hydrogen ions during intense exercise.

Typical: 3.2–6.4 g

A non-protein amino acid that the kidneys convert to arginine, raising plasma arginine more efficiently than oral arginine itself.

Typical: 6–8 g

A blend of the three branched-chain amino acids, most often at a 2:1:1 ratio of leucine to isoleucine to valine, that has been a staple of intra-workout drinks for decades.

Typical: 5–10 g

A salt of citrulline and malic acid, most often in a 2:1 ratio, that has been the traditional form in pre-workouts.

Typical: 6–8 g

A free-form blend of all nine essential amino acids, typically leucine-weighted, that provides the complete substrate for muscle protein synthesis without the bulk of a full protein serving.

Typical: 6–15 g

Baking soda, used in sports nutrition as an extracellular buffer that raises blood bicarbonate before high-intensity efforts lasting roughly one to ten minutes.

Typical: 14–21 g

A methyl donor derived from sugar beets that lowers homocysteine and acts as an osmolyte in muscle cells.

Typical: 1.25–2.5 g

A metabolite of leucine studied for reducing exercise-induced muscle protein breakdown and supporting strength and lean mass, particularly in untrained people, older adults, and during intense training blocks.

Typical: 3 g

Nitrosigine is a patented complex of L-arginine bound with silicate and stabilized by inositol, developed by Nutrition21.

Typical: 1,500 mg

A hydrochloride salt of creatine with much higher water solubility than the monohydrate, marketed on the premise that smaller doses can be used with less bloating.

Typical: 1.5–3 g

A salt of arginine bound to alpha-ketoglutarate, usually at a 2:1 ratio, that became popular in nitric-oxide pre-workouts in the mid-2000s.

Typical: 3–6 g

Ecdysterone is a phytoecdysteroid, an insect-molting hormone analog found in spinach, quinoa, and the roots of Cyanotis and Rhaponticum plants.

Typical: 200–500 mg

Peak ATP is a patented, orally stable form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium from TSI Group.

Typical: 400 mg

GlycerSize is Glanbia Nutritionals' stabilized glycerol powder containing 65% glycerol bound to silica, made to replace older 10–25% glycerol monostearate grades in pre-workouts and hydration products.

Typical: 2–5 g