Ingredient directory

Cyanocobalamin is the synthetic, highly stable form of vitamin B12 used in most supplements and fortified foods.

Typical: 100–1,000 mcg

Folic acid is the fully oxidized, synthetic form of folate used in food fortification and most supplements.

Typical: 400–800 mcg

The succinate ester of natural (RRR or d-) alpha-tocopherol, the one vitamin E form the body maintains in plasma and the form on which the RDA is based.

Typical: 67–268 mg

Methylcobalamin is one of the two coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 that the body uses directly, in this case for the methionine synthase reaction that recycles homocysteine and supports methylation.

Typical: 100–1,000 mcg

Menaquinone-7 is the long-chain vitamin K2 originally isolated from natto and now made by Bacillus fermentation or synthesis.

Typical: 90–200 mcg

L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate is the main circulating form of folate and the form cells use directly for homocysteine remethylation, so it bypasses the MTHFR enzyme step that is less active in people carrying the common 677C>T variant.

Typical: 400–1,000 mcg

Thiamin hydrochloride is one of the two standard water-soluble salts of vitamin B1 used in supplements (the other is the mononitrate).

Typical: 1.5–100 mg

Nicotinic acid is the acid form of vitamin B3 and, with nicotinamide, one of the two standard niacin sources in supplements.

Typical: 16–35 mg

Phylloquinone is the plant form of vitamin K found in leafy greens and the main dietary form.

Typical: 90–200 mcg

A natural oil concentrate containing all four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) in roughly the proportions found in vegetable oils, usually with gamma-tocopherol dominant.

Typical: 100–400 mg

Menaquinone-4 is the short-chain vitamin K2 that the body itself makes from phylloquinone and the form present in meat, eggs, and dairy.

Typical: 100–1,500 mcg

Tocotrienols are the four unsaturated members of the vitamin E family (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), distinguished from tocopherols by a three-double-bond side chain that lets them move through membranes more freely.