Ingredient directory

An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plants such as barberry, goldenseal, and Coptis, supplied as the hydrochloride salt.

Typical: 900–1,500 mg

The pungent alkaloid isolated from black pepper fruit, used in tiny amounts to raise the absorption of other ingredients rather than for its own effects.

Typical: 5–20 mg

A concentrated extract of ginger rhizome standardized to gingerols, the pungent compounds responsible for most of its studied effects.

Typical: 250–1,000 mg

A seed extract of milk thistle standardized to silymarin, a flavonolignan complex, and the best-known botanical in liver-support formulas.

Typical: 140–420 mg

Cranberry extract is prepared from the whole fruit or juice of Vaccinium macrocarpon and is characterized by A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) that are studied for anti-adhesion activity against bacteria in the urinary tract.

Typical: 250–500 mg

An extract of German chamomile flowers standardized to apigenin, the flavone behind much of its calming reputation.

Typical: 220–1,100 mg

A gum resin extract from the Boswellia serrata tree standardized to total boswellic acids, used in joint-comfort formulas often alongside curcumin.

Typical: 300–500 mg

The whole dried and ground rhizome of the turmeric plant, the same material used as a culinary spice.

Typical: 1,000–3,000 mg

Peppermint oil is the steam-distilled essential oil of Mentha piperita, rich in menthol and menthone.

Typical: 180–450 mg

Oregano oil is the steam-distilled essential oil of Origanum vulgare, standardized to carvacrol, its dominant phenolic compound, at around 70 percent.

Typical: 150–300 mg

Aloe vera inner leaf extract is the dried, decolorized gel of Aloe barbadensis, supplied as a 200:1 concentrate so that 50 to 200 mg represents 10 to 40 g of fresh gel.

Typical: 50–200 mg

An extract of globe artichoke leaves standardized to cynarin and caffeoylquinic acids, used in digestive, liver, and cholesterol-support formulas.

Typical: 320–640 mg

DGL is licorice root extract from which most of the glycyrrhizin has been removed, typically to below 1 to 3 percent.

Typical: 380–760 mg

Senna is the leaf or pod of Senna alexandrina, standardized to sennosides, which are anthraquinone glycosides converted by gut bacteria into compounds that stimulate colon movement.

Typical: 15–30 mg

The root of the common dandelion, used in traditional practice as a bitter digestive and liver tonic and in modern formulas for liver support and water balance.

Typical: 500–2,000 mg

Slippery elm is the inner bark of Ulmus rubra, a North American tree.

Typical: 400–1,500 mg

Marshmallow root is the dried root of Althaea officinalis, a European plant unrelated to the confection that borrowed its name.

Typical: 500–1,500 mg

Fennel seed is the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare, a Mediterranean herb used across cuisines and in traditional carminative blends for bloating and gas.

Typical: 500–1,500 mg