Ingredient directory

An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plants such as barberry, goldenseal, and Coptis, supplied as the hydrochloride salt.

Typical: 900–1,500 mg

A leaf extract of Camellia sinensis concentrated for catechins, especially EGCG, with a small amount of naturally occurring caffeine.

Typical: 300–500 mg

Dried and milled beet root or beet juice, used in pre-workout, endurance, and heart-health powders as a whole-food source of dietary nitrate.

Typical: 5–10 g

Aged garlic extract is produced by soaking sliced garlic in aqueous ethanol for many months, a process that converts harsh, unstable sulfur compounds into odorless, water-soluble ones such as S-allylcysteine.

Typical: 600–1,200 mg

The ground inner bark of Cinnamomum verum, the Sri Lankan species preferred for supplements because it contains far less coumarin than cassia cinnamon.

Typical: 1,000–3,000 mg

Red yeast rice is rice fermented with the mold Monascus purpureus, a traditional Chinese food and remedy.

Typical: 1,200–2,400 mg

Grape seed extract is a concentrated polyphenol fraction prepared from the seeds left over after winemaking or juice pressing.

Typical: 150–300 mg

Olive leaf extract is prepared from the leaves of Olea europaea and standardized to oleuropein, the bitter secoiridoid that also gives olive oil part of its character.

Typical: 500–1,000 mg

Pine bark extract is a polyphenol-rich extract of French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark, standardized to oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs).

Typical: 50–200 mg

A concentrated beet root extract standardized to a declared nitrate content so that a nitric-oxide dose can be delivered in a capsule or small scoop instead of gram-level powder.

Typical: 300–500 mg

Bilberry is a European relative of the blueberry whose fruit is rich in anthocyanins, the purple pigments studied for eye and vascular support.

Typical: 80–320 mg

Red clover is a legume whose flowering tops contain the isoflavones biochanin A, formononetin, genistein, and daidzein.

Typical: 40–80 mg

An extract of pomegranate fruit or peel standardized to punicalagins or ellagic acid, the polyphenols responsible for its antioxidant reputation, used in heart, antioxidant, and exercise-recovery formulas.

Typical: 500–1,000 mg

An extract of globe artichoke leaves standardized to cynarin and caffeoylquinic acids, used in digestive, liver, and cholesterol-support formulas.

Typical: 320–640 mg

A branded curcumin form that uses a hydrophilic carrier to make curcuminoids water-dispersible.

Typical: 250–500 mg

An extract of a small creeping herb used across Asian traditional systems and now included in cognitive, skin, and circulation formulas.

Typical: 500–1,000 mg

A branded water-soluble extract of cinnamon bark concentrated for type-A polyphenol polymers and largely free of the fat-soluble coumarins and volatile oils found in whole bark.

Typical: 250–500 mg

An extract of the deep red calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa, the plant behind hibiscus tea, used in heart-health and hydration formulas.

Typical: 500–1,000 mg